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3.8% Surtax — Thresholds Unchanged Since 2013

Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) Calculator

Find out if your investment income is subject to the 3.8% NIIT surtax — and how Roth conversions can unexpectedly trigger it.

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Your Info
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Your total MAGI from all sources (Form 1040 line 11).

Net Investment Income Breakdown

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Taxable interest from savings, bonds, CDs

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Qualified and ordinary dividends

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Net capital gains (long-term and short-term)

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Net rental income after expenses

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Royalties, passive business income, annuities

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Roth conversions add to MAGI but are NOT net investment income. They can push you above the NIIT threshold.

What Is the Net Investment Income Tax?

The NIIT is a 3.8% surtax on net investment income that applies when your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) exceeds specific thresholds. It was enacted as part of the 2010 health care reform legislation and took effect January 1, 2013. The thresholds have never been adjusted for inflation, meaning more taxpayers are affected each year.

NIIT Thresholds (2026)

Filing StatusMAGI Threshold
Single$200,000
Married Filing Jointly$250,000
Married Filing Separately$125,000
Head of Household$200,000

The Roth Conversion Trap

A common surprise: Roth conversions are notinvestment income, but they add to your MAGI. This means a large Roth conversion can push your MAGI above the NIIT threshold, causing your existing investment income (dividends, capital gains, rental) to become subject to the 3.8% surtax — even though the conversion itself isn't taxed by NIIT.

Frozen since 2013: The $200,000/$250,000 thresholds have never been inflation-adjusted. In 2013 dollars, $200,000 would be about $265,000 today. Each year, more taxpayers cross these thresholds through normal income growth.

Related Retirement Tax Tools

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)?

The NIIT is a 3.8% surtax on net investment income for individuals with MAGI above $200,000 (single), $250,000 (married filing jointly), or $125,000 (married filing separately). It was enacted in 2010 as part of the Affordable Care Act and applies to interest, dividends, capital gains, rental income, royalties, and passive business income. The thresholds have NOT been adjusted for inflation since 2013.

How is the NIIT calculated?

The NIIT equals 3.8% multiplied by the lesser of: (a) your net investment income, or (b) the amount your MAGI exceeds the threshold. For example, if you're single with $230,000 MAGI and $50,000 in investment income, the NIIT is 3.8% × min($50,000, $30,000) = 3.8% × $30,000 = $1,140.

Do Roth conversions affect the NIIT?

Yes, indirectly. Roth conversions add to your MAGI but are NOT considered net investment income. This means a conversion can push your MAGI above the NIIT threshold, causing your existing investment income to become subject to the 3.8% surtax. This calculator models this interaction.

What counts as net investment income?

Net investment income includes: taxable interest, dividends (both ordinary and qualified), capital gains (short-term and long-term), rental and royalty income, and passive business income. It does NOT include wages, Social Security, self-employment income from an active business, tax-exempt interest, or distributions from retirement accounts like IRAs and 401(k)s.

How accurate is this calculator?

This calculator uses the official NIIT thresholds from IRC §1411 ($200K/$250K/$125K, unchanged since 2013). It provides a simplified estimate. Your actual NIIT is calculated on Form 8960 and may differ based on investment expenses, loss carryovers, and other adjustments. Consult a tax professional for a complete analysis.